Hydraulic Fracturing A Common And Widespread Technique

Hydraulic fracturing has become a very common and widespread technique, especially in North America, due to technological advances that have allowed extracting natural gas from so-called unconventional reservoirs (tight sands, coal beds and shale formations). The socalled high volume hydraulic fracturing (with treatments typically an order of magnitude larger than the conventional fracturing procedures) began in 1968. This was complemented by horizontal drilling since the late 1980s, and the use of chemicals (known as slickwater fracturing) since 1997. The conjunction of these techniques (directional drilling, high volume fracturing, fracture divergence systems, slickwater) with the development of multi-well pads has been especially†¦show more content†¦When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open. The term â€Å"hydraulic fracturing† is nowadays widely used to mean the process of fracturing rock formations with water-based fluids. In general terms, hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids (not just water). 2.2. Why Fracturing is used? Fracturing is a technique designed to recover gas and oil from shale rock. Fracturing allows for extended production in older oil and natural gas fields. It also allows for the recovery of oil and natural gas from formations that geologists once believed were impossible to produce, such as tight shale formations in the areas shown on the map below. Hydraulic fracturing is also used to extend the life of older wells in mature oil and gas fields. The process can be INST2450 Technical Report Outline Muhammad Derya XXX carried out vertically or, more commonly, by drilling horizontally to the rock layer and can create new pathways to release gas or can be used to extend existing channels 2.3. Types of Fracturing 2.3.1. Hydraulic fracturing The technique of hydraulic fracturing makes use of a liquid to fracture the reservoir rocks. A hydraulic fracture is formed by pumping the fracturing fluid into the wellbore at a rate sufficient to increase

Marlow in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Free Essays

In Heart of Darkness Conrad tries to deal with issues which are almost inexpressible.   The mysterious effect of the jungle wilderness on Kurtz, and on Marlow himself, puzzles the imagination and bewilders the understanding.   We might ask why Conrad chooses to tell the story through the character of Marlow, rather than simply to set it as a first person narrative. We will write a custom essay sample on Marlow in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The story is, in fact, about Kurtz, and about the way that contact with the primitive touches on the reality beneath human civilization, but it is also part of Marlow’s autobiography. Marlow is a character, not just a narrative voice, and his characterization enables us to judge and understand what he tells us.   He stands for certain impressive values – the practicality of the seaman’s life, the belief in the value of work, the refusal to judge too quickly, and the calmness of mind which allows him to consider and respond to the ambiguities in Kurtz’s experience. With his detached and skeptical manner, the fruit of a life among practical things, he makes the extraordinary story as believable as is possible.   We do not identify with him exactly, and he is not simply the voice of Conrad, but he is a convincing and unpretentious narrator who offers us glimpses into the ineffable. Much of the earlier part of the novel is concerned with establishing Marlow’s character and credentials as a narrator.   The actual narrator who speaks on the first page tells us that Marlow is the sort of seaman who is â€Å"trustworthiness personified† (5).   But he is â€Å"not typical† (8) in that â€Å"to him the meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale† (8), which perhaps prepares us for Marlow’s attempt to convey to us the scale of his experience and its importance.   The maritime traditions and habits of mind are central to Marlow.   He values work over fantasy.   At the jungle station â€Å"I went to work†¦ In that way only it seemed to me I could keep my hold on the redeeming facts of life† (33), which is a vital and mature desire in him.   His instincts are to reject nonsense and absurdity and stick to the real. Talking to the ridiculous agent at the station, â€Å"this papier-mà ¢chà © Mephistopheles† (37), he tells us of his horror of lies, not because he is particularly virtuous, but because â€Å"there is a taint of death, a flavour of mortality in lies – which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world† (38-9).   The agent’s insinuating invitation to Marlow to accept his petty corruptions meets with an instinctive shudder that speaks for his integrity.   Every man wants to get on, says the agent. â€Å"What more did I want? What I really wanted was rivets, by heaven!   Rivets.   To get on with the work† (40).   There is something wonderfully refreshing about such healthy disgust, and this contributes largely to our readiness to listen to Marlow as the tale reaches its most critical stages. It was a relief, he says to get back to the work of repairing the steamboat, not because he actually likes labor, â€Å"but I like what is in the work, – the chance to find yourself.   Your own reality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (41). A powerful moment for him is the discovery in the riverside hut of Towson’s manual on seamanship, which, in the middle of the chaotic world of the jungle, gives him â€Å"a delicious sensation of having come upon something unmistakably real† (54), for the real is what he longs for, as the guarantee of sanity and purpose.   It reassures him that the book has been studied and cared for, the spine â€Å"lovingly stitched afresh with white cotton thread† (54) and the margin annotated with what he thinks is cipher but later discovers to be Russian. If Marlow’s integrity and devotion to the real is created thoroughly, so are his attitudes to what he experiences before he meets Kurtz.   Conrad gives him a style that is consistent.   He is skeptical, a little sardonic, and down-to earth.   He tells how he worked on his relations to try to ensure that he could go to Africa: The men said â€Å"My dear Fellow,† and did nothing.   Then – would you believe it? – I tried the women.   I, Charlie Marlow, set the women to work – to get a job.   Heavens!   Well, you see, the notion drove me.   I had an aunt, a dear enthusiastic soul.   She wrote: â€Å"It will be delightful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (12) The voice is familiar, humorous and unaffected, and we feel every reason to trust what he says.   His devotion to the real makes him immediately sensitive to dishonesty and cant.   His view of â€Å"progress† is justifiably jaundiced.   The captain whom he replaces has been killed; â€Å"I heard the original quarrel arose from a misunderstanding about some hens† (13), and he is sure that afterwards â€Å"the cause of progress got them, anyhow† (14).   His charge is â€Å"a two-penny-half-penny river steamboat with a penny whistle attached† (18) and he feels that his aunt talks â€Å"rot† when she describes him as â€Å"an emissary of light† (18).   He records the bizarre sight of a French warship lobbing shells into the jungle to destroy â€Å"enemies† (20). He is bewildered by the sight of the accountant at the station in his â€Å"high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket, snowy trousers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (25) working alongside the black workmen who are dying in the grass.   He encounters a white man who has the job of maintaining the road.   He is drunk, and â€Å"Can’t say I saw any road or any upkeep, unless the body of a middle-aged negro, with a bullet-hole in the forehead, upon which I absolutely stumbled three miles further on, may be considered a permanent improvement† (29).   The man who tries to put out the fire in the store shed carries a bucket and declares â€Å"that everybody was ‘behaving splendidly, splendidly,’ dipped about a quart of water and tore back again.   I noticed there was a hole in the bottom of his pail† (33). Everywhere Marlow’s shrewd and ironical intelligence spots the signs of decay, corruption and self-deception.   The whole establishment at the jungle trading station is â€Å"unreal† (35), and when the manager starts canting about Marlow being â€Å"of the new gang – the gang of virtue† (36) â€Å"I nearly burst into a laugh† (36).   The whole experience has for him the insane logic of dream, â€Å"that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is the very essence of dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (39). Such judgments and descriptions strike the reader as immensely observant and yet modestly expressed.   Marlow feels fundamental decencies being abused by the colonial trading world, and it is hardly surprising that he becomes increasingly interested in Kurtz, who is clearly feared as well as despised by the other agents, largely because he has some sort of vision, a commodity seriously lacking in the ivory trading world.   Marlow’s convincing honesty and down-to-earth qualities even make Conrad’s symbolism easy to approach. The Fate-like knitting women in the Brussels office are entirely real as well as allusive.   One wears a dress â€Å"as plain as an umbrella cover† (14).   Marlow notes how the two women introduce many â€Å"to the unknown†¦ these two, guarding the door of Darkness, knitting black wool as for a warm pall† (16).   It is a rare and powerful effect, not clumsy, as it might have been, because we are so convinced by Marlow’s practical and realistic attitude. When it comes to the encounter with Kurtz we are therefore ready to give Marlow the benefit of the doubt as he reveals his own complex attitude to the man, and tries to explain what it is that Kurtz has seen and felt.   It is Kurtz’s idealism that first interests him, here in this nightmare place of unreason.   The other agents laugh at his hope that â€Å"Each station should be like a beacon on the road towards better things, a centre for trade of course, but also for humanising† (47).   At the same time Marlow cannot escape the thought that the savage figures seen on the bank are not inhuman, â€Å"the thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar† (51) and we can see how he might understand how Kurtz’s own soul has been captured by the darkness. He finds that he wants to talk to Kurtz, even though he realizes as soon as he gets to Kurtz’s station that â€Å"He had taken a high seat among the devils of the land† (70), something Marlow knows will be almost impossible for his audience to understand; â€Å"How could you? – with solid pavement under your feet, surrounded by kind neighbours†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (70).   This is where Marlow’s story moves into the area of the incredible and the only partly expressible   Kurtz’s high-minded writings end suddenly with the savage cry â€Å"Exterminate all the brutes† (72).   The â€Å"brother seaman† talks of how Kurtz has inspired him – â€Å"I tell you†¦this man has enlarged my mind† (78).   But Marlow can only conclude â€Å"Why! He’s mad† (81) despite the Russian’s protests. The skulls are the evidence of his total breakdown, that the darkness â€Å"had whispered to him things about himself that he did no know† (83). The spell of the wilderness had awakened â€Å"forgotten and brutal instincts† (94) in him and dragged his soul â€Å"beyond the bounds of permitted aspirations† (95).   Marlow is able to see Kurtz’s story as a tragedy.   His aim had been to â€Å"Live rightly, die, die† (99) but he had not known what was in himself, and Marlow’s readiness to stand by him at the end, even to rescue him in a way, rests on an awareness that Kurtz was not despicable, and that he himself might well respond in the same way. â€Å"He had made that last stride, he had stepped over the edge, while I had been permitted to draw back my hesitating foot† (101).   Back in Europe, like Gulliver, he is disgusted by his fellow man, â€Å"like the outrageous flauntings of folly in the face of a danger† (102), and he lies to Kurtz’s â€Å"intended† because neither she nor anyone else would be able to comprehend the truth. Marlow does not claim to know or understand everything.   It is the unassuming nature of his narrative stance that convinces us.   The â€Å"real† narrator calls the whole thing â€Å"one of Marlow’s inconclusive experiences† (10). But no one could be omniscient with such a subject; Marlow only glimpses one of the great mysteries, and none of us is ever granted more than that.   What Conrad has done is to choose a narrative method and a type of narrator which conveys as well as possible immensely difficult things. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph.   Heart of Darkness.   Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973. How to cite Marlow in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Essay examples

Entry Barriers of Global Marketing free essay sample

Entry Barriers in Global Marketing An understanding of the entry barriers to internationalization and their effect on entry mode selection is important because they can assist in determining why global marketers are unable to exploit their full potential and why many firms fail or incur financial losses in their international activities. The height and nature of market entry barriers directly influence the entry mode chosen by a company. Entry barriers increase the cost of entry and constraint the option available, and where they are high, the company might have only one choice of entry mode or else have to stay out. The concept of entry barriers comes from the economics of industrial organization. It generally connotes any obstacle making it more difficult for a firm to enter a product market. Thus entry barriers exist at home, as when limited self space prohibits a company from acquiring sufficient retail coverage to enter a market. We will write a custom essay sample on Entry Barriers of Global Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Overseas it can mean that customs procedures are so lengthy that they prohibit at importer’s fresh produces from getting to the stores before spoiling. In global marketing it is convenient to classify the entry barriers according to their origin. Although gradually less important because of dramatic improvements in technology, transportation costs sometimes force new investment in manufacturing to be close to the market. Proximity of supplies and service still matters when transportation costs are high. Tariff barriers are obvious obstacles to entry into the country. Less visible non-tariff barriers for example slow custom procedures, special product tests for imports and bureaucratic inertia in processing import licenses can also make entry difficult. Government regulations of business, domestic as well as foreign, constitute another set of market barriers, sometimes creating local monopolies. A special subset of these barriers is regulations directly intended to protect domestic business against foreign competitors. Other barriers are more subtle. Access to manufacturing technology and process, component suppliers and distribution channels can be restricted by regulation, territorial restrictions, competitive collusions, or close ties between transacting partners. These barriers constitute artificial value chain imperfections and become very important for the marketer to consider when deciding the configuration of the overseas operation. There are natural entry barriers that arise because of competitive actions. Many of typical marketing efforts- creating of brand loyalty, differentiation between products, high levels of promotional spending- are factors that, when successful, lead to barriers or defenses against competitive attack. Reasons to use entry barriers Global marketing increases the number of goods that domestic consumers can choose from, decreases the cost of those goods through increased competition, and allows domestic industries to ship their products abroad. While all of these seem beneficial, free trade isnt widely accepted as completely beneficial to all parties. Entry barriers or trade barriers are often  created to protect infant industry and developing economies, but are also used by more advanced economies with developed industries. Here are five of the top reasons trade barriers are used: I. Protecting Domestic Employment: The possibility of increased competition from imported goods can threaten domestic industries. These domestic companies may fire workers or shift production abroad to cut costs, which means higher unemployment and a less happy electorate. The unemployment argument often shifts to domestic industries complaining about cheap foreign labor, and how poor working conditions and lack of regulation allow foreign companies to produce goods more cheaply. II. Protecting Consumers : A government may levy a tariff on products that it feels could endanger its population. For example, South Korea may place a tariff on imported beef from the United States if it thinks that the goods could be tainted with disease. III. Infant Industries: The use of tariffs to protect infant industries can be seen by the Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) strategy employed by many developing nations. The government of a developing economy will levy tariffs on imported goods in industries in which  it wants to foster growth. This increases the prices of imported goods and creates a domestic market for domestically produced goods, while protecting those industries from being forced out by more competitive pricing. It decreases unemployment and allows developing countries to shift from agricultural products to finished goods. IV. National Security: Barriers are also employed by developed countries to protect certain industries that are deemed strategically important, such as those supporting national security. Defense industries are often viewed as vital to state interests, and often enjoy significant levels of protection

Jazz and Blues free essay sample

Blues and Jazz are different in several major ways. L. Blues and Jazz are deferent in terms of feeling. A. By performing or listening to the Blues, one is able to overcome sadness. 1. Blues is based on the music of African-American playing to express longing for better life and lost loves, Jobs, and money. 2. Because African-American, in the past, did not know about music theory, they played out of major scale notes, and therefore, makes the feeling of sadness. B. Jazz sparks an emotional complexity that Is very hard to pinpoint or describe. 1.Jazz is different form every other kinds of music that is several modes and scales of several keys are used in one jazz song while there is only one key per song in other kinds of music. 2. Different modes and scales spark different feeling; therefore it is very complex when there are several modes and scales in one song. We will write a custom essay sample on Jazz and Blues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page II. Blues and Jazz are different In terms of difficulty. A. Blues is easier than Jazz to learn. 1 . Chord progression of Blues is quite standing. Most of Blues songs have the same chord progression that is called 12 Bar Blues chord progression.However, some Blues songs are written with 8 or 16 Bar Blues chord progression. 2. Blues is normally played with only the dominant chords that are not complex Like the chords played on Jazz. 3. There are only a few of scales for Blues music. Blues scale Is the scale normally used In Blues music. More over, pentatonic scale, bebop scale, and Dorian mode are also used in Blues. B. Jazz is so hard to learn that even some of musicians are unable to play it. Is necessary for one who wants to learn Jazz to understand Blues first because Blues is the basic of Jazz 2.There are several chord progressions In Jazz, for Instance, I-el- V progression, Moreover, 12 Bar Blues Is used In Jazz music as well, but It Is more complex. Jazz played with Blues chord progression is called Jazz Blues. 3. Jazz is played with the extended chord that is difficult to play because it has more than 4 notes per chord while the dominant chords has only 4 notes. 4. Every scales and modes can appear in Jazz including the scales that are used in Blues. Ill. Blues and Jazz are different In terms of the Instruments.

New SAT vs Old SAT Changes You Must Know

New SAT vs Old SAT Changes You Must Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In 2016, the SAT changed drastically from the old SAT. In terms of content, no other SAT changes in the past few decades have been this dramatic. If you're familiar with the old SAT, here's what you must know to do well on the current version of the SAT. In this article, I'll summarize the largest, must-know changes of the SAT. But for those of you who are serious about taking the test, it'll be well worth your time to read some of our more in-depth SAT guides. After all, a few minutes of reading through our expert guides is nothing compared to the sweet payoff of a high SAT score andan acceptance to the college of your dreams! How to Study for the New 2016 SAT- This guide starts with a detailed comparison of the current and old versions of the SAT, and then fleshes out a full SAT study plan. We also have individual section guides for SAT vocabularyand theSAT Reading Section. Finally, don't miss our in-depth new SAT vs old SAT comparison. New 2016 SAT: What's a Good Score?- Before you take the SAT, it's a smart idea to figure out what a good score is, both in general and for you specifically. This guide explains what a good SAT score is based on percentiles and your own college preferences. The Main Differences Between the New SAT and Old SAT The current version of the SAT is pretty different from the old version of the SAT. Below, I go over the major changes made to the overall SAT and to each section. General Changes to the SAT We'll start generally. This chart offers a broad overview of the biggest differences between the two versions of the SAT: Old SAT New SAT Administration 2005-January 2016 March 2016-present Score Range 600-2400 400-1600 Length of Test 3 hours 45 minutes 3 hours (w/out Essay)3 hours 50 minutes (w/ Essay) Total # of Questions/Tasks 171 154 (155 w/ Essay) Sections Critical Reading Writing + Essay Mathematics Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) Math Essay (Optional) Guessing Penalty Minus 1/4 point per incorrect answer None 75th %ile Score (Good)* 1720 1190-1200 50th %ile Score (Average)* 1480 1050-1060 25th %ile Score (Poor)* 1260 910-920 *All percentiles for the new SAT come from the College Board's 2017 percentiles, and all percentiles for the old SAT come from the College Board's 2015 percentiles. As you can see, the current SAT is slightly longer than the old SAT if you opt to take the Essay, but significantly shorter if you don't take the Essay. It also combines your Reading and Writing section scores into a single Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) score. Perhaps the biggest change most students know about is the score range: on the old SAT the max score was2400, but on the current SATthe max score is just1600. Finally, there is no longer a score penalty for incorrect answers on the SAT. Therefore,it's best to answer allSAT questions, even if you have to guess on some of them. Now that you've seen the overall changes, let's look at the differences on each section of the test. SAT Reading Changes The SAT Reading section has undergone some massive changes since early 2016. Here are some of the biggest differences to note: Old SAT Reading New SAT Reading Section Name Critical Reading Reading Scoring 200-800 (separate from Writing score) 10-40 test score, which is then combined with Writing to get Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) score on a scale of 200-800 # of Sections 3 1 Order on Test Random 1st # of Questions 24, 24, 19 (in random order)Total: 67 52 Total Time 25 minutes, 25 minutes, 20 minutes (in random order)Total: 70 minutes 65 minutes Time per Question 63 seconds 75 seconds Content Tested High-level vocab in isolation, Sentence Completions, passage-based questions All passage-based questions, medium-level vocab in context, evidence support, data interpretation Subscores None Words in ContextCommand of EvidenceAnalysis in History/Social StudiesAnalysis in Science Overall, you now have fewer questions on SAT Reading and more time per question. The biggest change to be aware of, though, is that SAT Reading is now entirely passage-based. All questions, even vocabulary ones, are based on passages, so it's imperative to havea solid passage-reading strategyto use on test day. In terms of content, you'll still see vocab questions, but these are more focused on medium-level vocab words and your ability to figure out their meanings in context.In addition, you need to be able to identify specific areas in passages you found your answers in. SAT Writing Changes SAT Writing has undergone some noticeable changes since the test's redesign in early 2016. Here are the most important ones to note: Old SAT Writing New SAT Writing Section Name Writing Writing and Language Scoring 200-800(separate from Reading score) 10-40 test score, which is then combined with Reading to get Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) score on a scale of 200-800 # of Sections 3 (one essay and two multiple-choice sections) 1 (essay = separate section) Order on Test Random 2nd # of Questions 35, 14 (in random order)Total: 49 44 Total Time 25 minutes, 10 minutes (in random order)Total: 35 minutes 35 minutes Time per Question 43 seconds 48 seconds Content Tested Improving Sentences, Identifying Sentence Errors, Improving Paragraphs, grammar rules in isolation All passage-based questions, grammar and punctuation, logic and expression of ideas Subscores None Expression of IdeasStandard English ConventionsWords in ContextCommand of EvidenceAnalysis in History/Social StudiesAnalysis in Science As the chart shows, the SAT Writing section is no longer scored on its own butin conjunction with SAT Reading(to give you a combined Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score). Additionally, the Essay is now a separate (optional) section and is not considered part of the Writing section. You also now have fewer Writing questions, giving you slightly more time per question. In regard to content changes, all questions are now based on passages (like the Reading section), and there is a bigger emphasis on sentence style, logic/flow, and punctuation. SAT Math Changes Though the SAT Math section has changed the least of all SAT sections, it still looks quite different now than it used to before the redesign. Here are the major differences between the current SAT Math section and the old SAT Math section: Old SAT Math New SAT Math Section Name Mathematics Math Scoring 200-800 200-800 # of Sections 3 2(No Calculator Test and Calculator Test) Order on Test Random 3rd =No Calculator Test4th = Calculator Test Calculator Permitted? Yes Yes, but only on Calculator Test (not on No Calculator Test) # of Questions 20, 18, 16 (in random order)Total: 5444 multiple choice, 10 grid-ins No Calculator Test: 20Calculator Test: 38Total: 5845 multiple choice, 13 grid-ins Total Time 25 minutes, 25 minutes, 20 minutes (in random order)Total: 70 minutes No Calculator Test: 25 minutesCalculator Test: 55 minutesTotal: 80 minutes Time per Question 75 or 83 seconds (depending on section) No Calculator Test: 75 secondsCalculator Test: 87 seconds Content Tested Arithmetic, numbers and operations, algebra, functions, geometry, some data analysis Arithmetic, algebra, functions, advanced algebra, data analysis, word problems; 10% = geometry, trigonometry, complex numbers Subscores None Heart of AlgebraPassport to Advanced MathProblem Solving and Data Analysis You now get more time on SAT Math and four more questions in total. The section is also divided into two subsections: a No Calculator test (on which you may not use a calculator) and a Calculator test (on which you may use a calculator). Content-wise, you're still being tested on many of the same fundamental topics, including algebra, functions, and arithmetic. However, there is now less emphasis on geometry and more emphasis on data analysis, graphs, and word problems. Moreover, the old SAT Math section did not test any trig whatsoever, whereas the current SAT has at least a few questions on trig. SAT Essay Changes Finally, we get to the SAT Essay section. Here are the biggest changes to know: Old SAT Essay New SAT Essay Section Name Essay Essay Optional? No Yes Scoring 2-12 (based on two scores by two readers, each on a scale of 1-6) One score for each dimension on a scale of 2-8 (based on two scores by two readers, each on a scale of 1-4) Dimensions None Reading,Analysis,Writing # of Sections 1 1 Order on Test 1st 5th (if taking SAT with Essay) # of Prompts 1 1 Total Time 25 minutes 50 minutes Essay Prompt Answer a theoretical prompt by citing your own evidence Analyze a passage and the author's argument by citing evidence from the passage As you likely already know, the Essay section is optional with the current SAT, while before it was a mandatory section (and part of Writing). Essay scoring has also changed dramatically: test takers now get three scores, each on a scale of 2-8 (so a perfect Essay score would be 8|8|8). Before you had to provide your own evidence and answer a theoretical prompt, but now you must read a short passage and analyze the author's argument using textual evidence. Note that you are not expected to insert your personal viewpoint into your essay. New SAT vs Old SAT: 1-Sentence Summary For those of you who are interested in a summary of big-picture changes, here it is: the current SAT is a lot more like the ACT in that it tests more skills considered relevant to college success and relies less on trying to trick you. What's Next? Got more questions about how the current and old SATs differ from one another?Then check out our detailed examination of all changes between the two. In addition,our guide to the new SAT formatgives you tips on how to prep for the current version of the test. Not sure what SAT score to aim for on test day?Get a step-by-step guide on how to find your goal score based on the schools you're applying to. Looking for a detailed SAT resource to help you study for the test?Our ultimate SAT study guide contains links to our very best SAT articles and guides. And the best part is it'sfree! Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

A Guide to Business English Collocations

A Guide to Business English Collocations Business English collocations are common combinations of words used when speaking about business in English. Collocations can be understood as words that usually go together. For example, in English we do business, not make business. That business English collocation can make all the difference if you are trying to do business around the world. When decisions concern a lot of money, its important to get the phrase right.   Here are common business English collocations used in various business operations:   The Verb To Do Accounts: Mary does the accounts in bookkeeping.Business: We do business with countries around the world.Deals:  We did a deal with them last year.Due diligence:  Lets do our due diligence before we begin the project.Paperwork: First we have to do the paperwork.Research: Lets do some research on the subject. The Verb To Make An appointment: I made an appointment with the sales manager for next week.A calculation:  She has to make a calculation before she decides whether to approve.Cutbacks:  The company made cutbacks at their stores in New York.A deal: We made a deal with our competitor.An investment: The CEO  made an investment in a new factory.A loan:  The bank made us a loan of $750,000.Money:  The company made a lot of money in the last year.A profit: We  made a good profit on the deal. The Verb To Manage A business or factory: He manages two stores in California.Expectations:  Always manage your expectations during contract negotiations.A project or a team:  Susan is managing five projects at the same time. The VerbsTo Operate or To Run An airline: The company operates/runs an airline in Brazil.A facility:  We operate/run facilities in Germany and Japan.A service: We operate/run a tourist service in Boulder, Colorado. The Noun Deal Cut a deal: We cut a deal with our competition.Do a deal:  The company did a deal in Los Angeles.Give someone a deal:  Let me give you a deal on a new car.Close a deal:  Jake closed the deal yesterday. Hes celebrating today.Work on a deal:  Were working on a deal with a new client. The Noun Contract Write/draw up a contract: Lets write up a new contract for next year. Sign a contract:  Make sure to read it carefully before you sign any contract.Negotiate a contract: Accepting a first offer is no way to negotiate a contract.Offer someone a contract: Wed like to offer you a contract with our company.Bid on a contract: Were bidding on three contracts at the moment. Adjectives Modifying Customer Long-time customer: We treat our long-time customers with great respect and even better deals.Regular customer: Hes a regular customer. He comes in every Friday afternoon.Prospective customer:  Hes pitching the project to a prospective customer.Paying customer:  The only customer we need is a paying customer.Domestic/international customer: We have both domestic and international customers.

Intelligences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intelligences - Essay Example An examination of both theorists' work reveals some of the underpinnings of thought while highlighting the difficulty psychology has in defining, measuring, and isolating the factors that make up intelligence. Spearman and Gardner both believed that intelligence could be quantified. Spearman used a model that incorporated two centers of intelligence, the g (general) and the s (specific) factors (RiChard, n.d.). He contended that the g-factor was overriding and there was a correlation between general intelligence and all other areas. Gardner, however, believed that the specific factors that make up intelligence were independent and that you could be good at math while having no linguistic abilities. Gardner has identified at least 7 separate and autonomous centers of intelligence (Intelligence and personality assessment, n.d.). He grouped these factors into categories called the multiple intelligences which include musical, verbal, and personal intelligence. Spearman believed that since the g-factor was present in every task, we could measure intelligence with a single test. His work instituted the general IQ test as a standard for measurement and assessment. However, Gardner believes that there is not one test to measure intelligence and that all areas must be tested separately.

Business, law, and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business, law, and ethics - Essay Example For instance, they let the company adopt the sell recommendation which is detrimental to the investors. Instead of playing their watchdog role, the gatekeepers failed to perform this function which led to the collapse of the company. The gatekeepers also failed to detect securities fraud as it took place at Enron. This contributed to the collapse of the company. The euphoria in the market made the gatekeepers less relevant thereby overlooking their work. This compromised their credibility since it resulted in the downfall of the company. Regardless of the market conditions prevailing at an given moment, it is imperative for the gatekeepers to make sure that they perform their expected duties so as to safeguard the investors’ money. Failure to adhere to their stated goals may result in fraud activities being committed by the directors of the organization concerned. This is what happened at Enron since the directors engaged in unethical practices that resulted in the downfall of the company. There is also need for the gatekeepers to preserve their reputational capital so as to ensure that their clients are operating within the expected framework. However, in this case, it can be seen that the gatekeepers’ reputational capital slackened and this resulted in them failing to perform their expected duties. This compromised the performance of the company and it contributed to its downfall. Once the gatekeepers have been reluctant in their operations, they may not be able to detect problems that may impact negatively on the operations of the company. the monitoring function of the gatekeeper is meant to ensure that things such as fraud are not committed by the company executives in their operations. The case of Enron also shows that the gatekeepers did not perform their obligations to monitor the operations of Enron. In order to prevent such a situation from happening again in the future, it is imperative for the gatekeepers to

Street Gangs Essay Example for Free

Street Gangs Essay Another risk factor involves domestic violence at home for these young people. If they aren’t getting enough attention and instead been getting enough beating from their families, these young people would rather be with guys from the gang rather than stay at home. More and more of these youths are being driven away from their families and towards the company of strangers because of the violence that they experience from their own families (Parco, 2008). If they are unable to feel safe at home, then surely they would feel safer anywhere else. Another risk factor would be the media that glorifies violence. Everywhere you turn, you see advertisements and movies about people killing other people, or people stealing from other people and getting away with it. If these are the things that the youth are being exposed to, then there is the likelihood of them wanting to be just like these hoodlums, these crooks who earn big money from doing bad things (Killian, 2007). With the existence of these factors, concerned individuals, especially the parents should be able to see the signs of their children possibly joining these gangs. But another risk factor arises when the parents are in denial of the gang problem. If they don’t give much attention and focus to it, then their children may likely be the next gang members. If these parents neglect the signs, they would often overlook anything that may be odd or weird with their children’s actions. Its better to be mindful of these hints, or else these children may all end up in gangs and be involved in gang related troubles. Another risk factor would involve the community. This is about the lack of adequate community youth support systems, which is essential in addressing the needs of the youth so that they won’t go towards the way of the gangs. Without adequate community support, more and more young people would opt to join gangs as they have no other means of recreation in their spare time. With much unsupervised time, the more these youth would be involved in petty crimes that could be blown to unmanageable proportions. It is best that these risk factors be properly interpreted and addressed if we wouldn’t want our children to join these street gangs. This is because there is always danger associated with being a member of these gangs. No matter what benefit a member gets from joining, there is always a corresponding danger with his association to these people. Gangs often have access to firearms and illicit drugs, thus exposing the young ones to the dangers of both elements. Fights between rival gangs are not limited to fistfights, but instead they can get seriously hurt or killed because of the guns that some of them posses (ClevelandClinic. org, 2008). Gangs view schools as a negative element, so they may influence their members not to go to school, thus hampering education for them. With police records filing up for the members of the gang, the more their future become blurred. These police records limit future employment opportunities for these people, leaving them with minimum wage earning jobs that they can work into. Gang wars and fights between members of gangs also put their families and friends in danger, as they often become an easy target for their enemies. There are several signs that parents and concerned people can look into in order to know whether one is a member of a gang or not. This includes a sudden decline in the academic performance of the child, as well as an increasing disinterest in school. Another sign is the withdrawal of the person from their usual family activities. They can also be heard using unknown vocabulary and peculiar clothing style or choice. They could also have a sudden change in friends and usual company. Weird hand signs are also evident, as well as having a new nickname. These people also tend to develop bad attitude towards other people especially to the family and authorities. Aside from staying out later than usual, they also tend to require more privacy for themselves even in their homes with their families (Boone, 2007). The information regarding gangs can be put to good use by deciding what approach would be more applicable to a person who may be associated to a certain gang. This could also be used to plan an intervention measure in order to save someone from the harshness of the gang world. References: Boone, D. (2007). Why Do Kids Join Street Gangs. Retrieved September 9, 2008, from http://www. gwcinc. com/Why%20Do%20Kids%20Join%20Street%20Gangs. html ClevelandClinic. org. (2008). Gangs and Violence Retrieved September 9, 2008, from http://my. clevelandclinic.org/healthy_living/violence/hic_Gangs_and_Violence. aspx FocusAS. com. (2007). Why Do Young People Join Gangs? Retrieved September 9, 2008, from http://www. focusas. com/Gangs. html Killian, J. (2007). Why do kids join gangs? Retrieved September 9, 2008, from http://www. news-record. com/content/2007/08/26/article/why_do_kids_join_gangs Parco, B. (2008). Lack of affection, attention, fun push youth to join gangs Retrieved September 9, 2008, from http://globalnation. inquirer. net/cebudailynews/news/view/20080316-125016/Lack-of-affection-attention-fun-push-youth-to-join-gangs

Bilingual Education Essay -- Education, Languages, communication, fore

Bilingual education is any school program which utilizes two languages. An example of legal rationale in regarding bilingual education is English being the only language approach that is taught to English language learners in the United States in school districts according to No Child Left Behind Act of 2001(NCLB). However, historical rationale concerning bilingual education is the history of events that occurred due to bilingual education not being taught in a school district. An example is Meyer V: Nebraska (1923). This case briefly was in regards to prohibiting anyone from teaching any subject in any other language except for English. Therefore, in this essay three articles will be summarized regarding the legal and historical rationale of bilingual education. Also providing an example of the connection of today’s educational practice in regards to ELL students in today’s classroom environment for each legal and historical event discussed in this essay. In the first article discusses Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas (Brown v. Board of Education. 1954). The case took place due to a Black female student who had to walk several miles to get to her school through unfavorable conditions that was dangerous for her safety. However, the White school that was in her neighborhood or in walking distance from her home she was not allowed to attend due to her race. The reason for this historical court case was regarding that state-supported and state mandated laws in the United States favored segregation. Therefore, the Supreme Court decision ruled that all public schools throughout the United States will be desegregated. This means that Black students were able to attend White public schools throughout all of the ... ...n is still occurring regarding bilingual education. Second article explained Lau vs. Nichols court case and what the outcome of this court case confirmed today in bilingual education. Also suggestions were given to teachers teaching in today’s classroom on how to understand ELL students whose first language is not English. Third article discussed Proposition 227 which was created in San Francisco, California in the year of 1998. This Proposition brought about changes that banned bilingual education to ELL students. Also as a result of this change in California’s constitution banning bilingual education; ELL students today lag behind English speaking students. Therefore, these legal and historical rationale in bilingual education discussed in this essay has not resolved the issues of ELL students being successful learners in today’s classroom environment.

Marketing 4 Ps

â€Å"A STUDY ON ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS† AT RAHUL MOTORS A project report submitted to SRM University, In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of The degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINSTARTIONS Submitted by AMIT PRASAD (3511110732) Under the guidance of Mr. G. VENUGOPALAN (Assistant Professor) SRM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT SRM UNIVERSITY KATTANKULATHUR CAMPUS KANCHEEPURAM-03 MAY2012-JULY2012 DECLARATIONI AMIT PRASAD do declare that the research report entitled â€Å" A STUDY ON ORGANISATIONAL FUNCTIONS from RAHUL MOTORS in HOOGHLY (WEST BENGAL)† submitted to the SRM UNIVERSITY for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master Of Business Administration is my own endeavor and it has not been submitted earlier to any institution / university for any degree. PLACE: Chennai Date: signature of the candidate AMIT PRASAD REG NO: 3511110732 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a matter of great satisfaction and pleasure to present This Report of RAHUL MOTORS [west Bengal].I take this Opportunity to Owe my thanks to all those involved in my Training. This project report could not have been completed without the Guidance of our director of the company, Avijit Roy and project Venugopalan . Their timely help & encouragement helped me To complete this project successfully. I express my gratitude towards staff of RAHULMOTORS those Who have helped me directly or indirectly in completing the Training. AMIT PRASAD PREFACE When everybody is providing what is expected Fro m him/ he r, the pe rson de livering the U n e x p e c t e d to its customers succeeds in the long run.In Today’s marketplace, it is no longer enough to satisfy the Customers, the manufacturer needs to delight them as well. To Conquer the modern business world one needs to be one-step ahead of its competitors. MBA is combination of both theoretical as well as practical aspects of business and summer training gives a good opportunity to work in a real work environment. Thi s Project report is the result of 8 weeks training at â€Å"RAHUL MOTORS†. It has given me a great exposure and I have found practical work very different from theoretical ones. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYI had an opportunity to take my summer interns project â€Å"RAHUL MOTORS† Hooghly West Bengal. During the project I had a privilege being guided by MR. Avijit Roy, director of The company. The mother business of the company is to buy and Sell auctions Vehicles in the market. The company was setup in 2000 and newly five more companies have been established During the Last years . The tittle of my project was â€Å"a study of organization function†. The objective of choosing these topic was learn how the Work is done in an organization. With great hard work I have tried to show in report how work are being done in the organization .I hope this report will not become the just another academic document but will in all practically prove to be a use full tool for giving direc tion to the RAHUL MOTORS, which is the earnest call from the depth of my heart. AMIT PRASAD RAHUL MOTORS SECRETS OF SUCCESS There are hundreds of business books and number of journals And magazines published every year on successful business Operation. However, in nutshell, it can be distilled in 8 major Secret which are as follows. ? 1st secret is that successful companies are not in business solely for the money. â€Å"Henry Ford† remarked that a company which only makes money is no sort of company at all. Strong culture, faster than other, friendly and goal oriented. ? Try to understand the customers, what customers actually wants that are understand by the company not vague idea, need aspiration and behavior. ? T he y k n o w w h a t i s i mp o rt a n t a n d t h is i s re fl e c t e d i n t h e i r impulsion of their employees. ? Successful companies are persistent and p o w e r f u l communicator. People keep information and bright idea to themselves or communicate with a select few. ? Not a secret at all keep faith in simple practice and principles is the presence of the chosen few. Leader in sense overall activities he control ability and skill. ? Make profit but make customer delight. RAHUL MOTORS BELIEVES IN ? The fact that ‘change ‘is a way of life. ? Absolute market orientation for a quick and positive response to the customer’s needs. ? An uncompromising commitment to a flexible, professional and personalized service from within a stimulating result oriented environment. ? Timely delivery with consistent standards. ? Response approach to the benefits of R&D and the modern technology. ? Having faith in individual potential and respect for human values. ? Being a esponsible corporate citizen with due respect to the laws of the land and its environment. ? Product to be the best available quality for premium market segments. ? These underline the corporate philosophy, which has shaped RAHUL MOTORS OF YESTERDAY and RAHUL MOTOR S OF TODAY. Products to be of the best available quality for premium market segment through TQM an d zero defect implem entation. For achieving in all functional areas, encouraging innovations for constant improvement of the product and service. Having faith in your skill and ability. Always encourage and motivate your group. Believe in loyalty.RAHUL MOTORS CULTURE AND ASPECTS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Professionalism System Approach Commitment To Quality Excellence With Economy Cost Consciousness Human Resource Regarded As Valuable Asset Emphasis On Teaching and Development Preference To Human Value Management By Participation Open Door Policy In Sharing Ideas And Suggestions Group Synergy Emphasis on effective communication and coordination Managerial strength and acceptance to change Cordial Environment Customer Focus Honor And Reward ? ORGANISATION STRUCTURE BOARD OF DIRECTOR S CHAIRMAN/ MANAGING DIRTECTOR VICE PRESIDENTMANAGER STAFF SUB STAFF FIG (1. 0) REVIEW IN LITERATURE OF MARKETING In the sequence of strategic analysis and decision, â€Å"marketing mix† falls after various external and internal environmental analysis such as SWOT analysis and even formulation of competitive strategies . marketing mix is an interpretive concept in modern marketing and academically it is referred to as the set of controllable tools that the firm blend to produce the responses it wants in the target market. So, it consists of everything that the firm can do to influence the demand for their product. t is important to release that marketing mix of any company have can have one major functions that is strategic communication of the organization with the customers. It was further argued that marketing mix provides multiple paths can be achieved in written form or through communication (advertising and selling etc) or many more symbolic forms. However the key element is that the main aspects of marketing mix that will be discussed below â€Å"should not be seen as individual entities but as the set of Interrelated entities which has to be set in conjunction with one another.Main aspects of marketing mix The earliest way to know marketing is through more famous synonym â€Å"4p’s of marketing† the classification of first marketing mix was first introduce and suggested by mccarthy and includes marketing strategies product, price, place promotions . the following diagram is useful in determing the 4p’s in marketing mix. ? PRODUCT In simpler terms product consists of all features and combination of goods that the company offers to its customers . LAZER argued that the most important aspects for main two reasons.The very first is the product are the expressions for the company determining the link with the customers. so the product policy and strategy are the prime importance to an enterprise. Secondly, it is imperative to realize that the product of any company is a both component and determinant of marketing mix as it Hs a great influence in other marketing mix. So, without a proper policy a company cannot pursue for the further element of marketing mix. ? PRICE Pricing is basically a setting of price for a product or service Offered. n simplest way kotler have describe price that an amount of money paid by the customers for a product. Generally pricing strategy has been divided into two parts price determination and price administration. Pricing determination refers to as the process and activities employed to arrive at a price for a product within the same line and differences in price for a similar product. On the other hand price price for a similar product. On the other hand price administration refers to the activities in fitting basic price to a particular sales situations such as local , function performed by the customers or special sales situations. PLACES Places under marketing mix compromises all company activities that make the product to the targeted customers . based on the various fa ctors such as sales, communication , contractual considerations various ways of making product available. On a general note while planning a placement under marketing mix strategy company follow six different strategy for the placement some of the strategy are choosing single or multiple distribution channels, the type of intermediaries to use on quality and reputations. ? PROMOTIONSPromotional strategy include all through which a company communicates the benefits and values of its product. The best way of understating these p is through the concept of the marketing communication process. The actual message is the advertisement or sales presentations the destinations of potential customers. CONCLUSION At last I can conclude that the company have reached the Maturity level in the market and the proper strategies and ideas Can reach the goal which the company wants to achieve. The Utilization of resource and manpower can also achieve benefits For the growth of the company.The organiza tion function of the company is a important part of Any organization. RAHUL MOTORS have a very planned functions that are played in the company. RECOMMENDATION ? The company should have its own website, as it helps to locate more customers. ? The location of the corporate office should be changed to the heart of the city. ? The company should make a investments on proper advertisements to capture major part of markets. ? The customers should be always be acknowledged about the new product of the company. BUSINESS ASSOCIATES OF THE COMPANYAs the company is rising day by day the companies have Collaborated with differentleading companies who are the Business leaders in the market of west Bengal. The associates Are generally banks and Insurance company who does the Businesswith RAHUL GROUP of companies. The associates of the company are helping RAHUL MOTORS in different ways by providing funds to the Company. The company presently going to collaborate with more companies , now presentl y companies is working with some of the leading of the companies are as follows- ? MAGMA FINCORP LTD ?CITICORP FINANCE INDIA LTD ? RELIGARE FINVEST LTD ? TATA CAPITAL LTD ? RELIGARE CAPITAL LTD ? KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD ? INDUSIND BANK LTD ? NEW INDIA ASSURANCECOMPANY LTD ? BAJAJ ALLIANZ GENENAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD ? ICICI LOMBARD GENERAL INSURANCE CO. LTD MARKET SHARE OF THE COMPANY RAHUL MOTORS -15% OTHERS- 85% Market Share Rahul Motor Others FIG-2. 0 GROWTH OF THE COMPANY 6 5 4 Axis Title 3 Growth 2 1 0 2008 2009 2010 Axis Title 2011 2012 FIG-3. 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 56 lac 70 lac 01 cr 02 cr 05 cr (TARGET) GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Urban, 12%Semi-Urban, 48% Rural, 40% FIG-4. 0 COMPTEITIORS OF THE COMPANY A company when gets into business, they need tackle many things . the most important problem company need to face is that, the competitors need to be careful with their ideas and strategy. As in the case of RAHUL MOTORS the company need to face many competitors . RM have their di fferent strategy for the against company . During the past years the company have growned many opponents in their business . some of the major competitors of RAHUL MOTORS are as follows- LAXMI MOTORS AMIT MOTORS DILIP SAHA & COMPANYThese are some of the major opponents of the company. FIVE YEAR PLAN OF THE COMPANY On the basis of the company progress reports and with the help of the past records, company has planned to grow the company and become the major player in the market. The company have different ideas and plan for their new and existing product. The company is planning to grow their field in finance sector that is the company have an idea to get into the loan business. For an example the bank provides loan on the basis of the needs of Customers. Some of the major plans of the companies which are as follows- They are going start a new venture which would provide funds to the customers against gold, which is a new form funding system for the customers , which is also known as gold loan. ? Next plan of the company is to make the company a private Limited company which would help the company to grew Faster in the market . These are some of the above plans of the company . the most Important step the company is going to take in the future is that, The company is going to grow their business with their own funds which means own funding for the company, which is the crucial step the company is going to take for their future business.GEOGRAPHICAL AREA The geographical shows the optimum areas of business of the Company. The Data provided by the company was significant for me to analyze the areas where the company has more Percentage of Customersandless. In others words, we can say that the company the company’s market capture in West Bengal. A graphical presentation have showed that how the company has captured the market. Some of the areas of the company areas are as follows- ? Semi-urban areas : 48% ? Rural areas : 40% ? Urban areas: 12 % These are so me of the areas where the company have capture the market GROWTH OF THE COMPANYDuring the last 5 years , the company have shown positive Growth without having any decline in any of the business. In 2008 the net investment was around 56 lakhs and now in 2012 the company have invested around 5 corers. The total investments shows the progress of the company. The net total investments was taken of last 5year to obtained a Graphical (fig-2. 0) representation regarding the growth of the company. HUMAN RESOURCE POLICY OF THE COMPANY The RAHUL GROUP Human Resource department plays a very Significant and important role to keep the link between the Employees and management.The company have strict and Convenient policy for the employee’s . the company’s Management always showed their employees that they are the Assets of the companies and the employees also feel homely Environment in the offices . some of the companies HR policy Which are as follows, ? LEAVE POLICY †¢ The em ployee can take 12 leaves in a year subject to approval of the authority. Before taking any leave, employee has to apply for leave at least three days prior for one/two leave and for long leave apply minimum ten days. If anybody is found taken leave without approval, his/her leave will be treated as LOP (Loss of pay). Six leaves can be enchased after completing the year. Its includes medical/illness. However, special medical cases will be taken into consideration. Employee can take half day leave for his personal work. ? ATTENDANCE POLICY †¢ Employee has to be present within 10. 30 a. m. and sign the Attendance register book immediately. After 10. 30 nobody will be given permission to sign thereof and the employee will be marked as â€Å"Late† for this day. †¢ Leave related record will be taken from the register book. If any employee does not sign for specific day and demand after some days that this is person was present on that day.His/her demand will be strictly rejected. †¢ If any employee is found late for three days in a month, one leave will taken from his/her leave account. †¢ If anybody has face any problem or have any urgent work in the morning, he/she come late for that day but subject to approval of the authority. He/she has to inform for that matter. Without information his/her attendance will be marked as late. If anybody is found present all working day within 10. 30 a. m. and leave office 7. 00 p. m. , he/she will be will be rewarded for his/her punctuality and dedication for the work. PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS The performance review is done bi-yearly in the organization The promotions in the organization are usually governed by the following factors: †¢ How well an employee performed in his / her present job. †¢ How much potential an employee has for future responsibilities. †¢ How much additional knowledge he / she have acquired for further advancement. †¢ Personal attribute, work habits, attitude t owards self and others, ability to get along with the team, leadership qualities, personal contribution to the success of the company determines his / her competence for promotion.Feedback given by all those who work with the employee such as his / her superiors, subordinates, peers and the customers. ? EMPLOYEES RECREATIONS Birthdays and parties are organized for the employees on Specific day and month . Arrangement are done by the Companies HR. The main motive of these parties in the Company is to change the environment of work to Something different the parties includes all the employees Including directors of the company. On the other hand Picnic is also organized every year for the companies Employees which is an compulsory event organized by HR Team of the company. MARKET RESEARCHMarket research often refers to either primary or secondary Research. Secondary research involves a company using Information compiled from various sources which is about new or existing product. Prim ary research involves qualitative research and quantative research as well as field taste and observations conducted for tailored specifically to that product. Primary research which is also called field research or original research is useful for finding information’s and getting customers views and feedback. During the survey for my report I visited many of the customers who are the new and also the exiting customers.While communicating with them I analyzed that Rahul motors always try to ststisfy their customers in any circumstances , for an example the company provide easy monthly installments {EMI} for the vehicles . As the current scenarios of the market I observed in the west Bengal is that, the customers don’t want invest on the new Vehicles as because the interest rate and the subsidy on the Vehicles are very high. So they are going for the used vehicles. Here the Rahul motor is playing a great role towards the Customers by financing the vehicles at low intere st rate and Good offers.Rahul motors always segmented their customers in Different categories which makes the easy to deal with the Customers. The company can provide the product what the Customers for his/her use. Market research resulted that the Company have generated the maturity stage in the market and it seems the decline stage would not come for these company . MARKET SHARE OF THE COMPANY The total market share of the company is about 15% throughout West Bengal, which is being assumed by the company. After Analyzing the company annual report it has shown progress During the last years.Therefore the company has targeted more Profits in the coming year for the development. From the data provided by the company. A graphical (1. o) diagram Has been obtained and which made easy to make an Analysis of the total market share. MISSION OF THE COMPANY Every company has wish and goal which they always want to Fulfill. RAHUL GROUP OF COMPANIES have some target And also dreams which they want to achieve during the past Years some of the target of the company is as follows- ? The very first dream of the company is to get the no. position in the market. ? They want to spread their business in the different states of India. ? As they are expanding their business they are going to recruit employees for their companies. OBJECTIVE This study is done in keeping following objectives in view: ? To find out the present status of the automobile industries in India. ? To study the market research of automobile industries. ? To study the distribution and the marketing strategy adopt by the automotive industries. OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY Established in 2000and was started by Roy family .It is a family Owned business , The Shareholders of the company are the Family members, ? Ranjit Roy ? Avijit Roy ? Indrajeet Roy They are the directors of the company . The mother business of The company is to buy the vehicles from the auctions ,For an Example they buy those vehicles whose install ments cannot be Paid by the customers and generally the vehicles are taken by The insurance company or the vehicles which customers want To Sell they buy those cars also, For these work they have 100+ Employees all over west Bengal and their target is to recruit to more Than 500+ employees for the company within 2 years.They started with one company and within {2000}now they have groups of company which are as follows, ? RAHUL MOTORS Nature of business is to buy and sell auctions vehicles in the market, they generally sell the commercial vehicle like trucks. ? TANVI PARKING The actual motive of these company is to provide parking place to the private vehicles. ? RITISHA MOTOR GARAGE The garage provides all kinds of repairs to the customers vehicles by using the proper manpower and engineers for the vehicles . ? RAHUL MOTOR FINANCE This company is one of the oldest non-banking and financial services organizations in West Bengal.Through a globalize network linked by advance technology , including a rapidly growing e-commerce capability, Rahul Motors provides a comprehensive financial starting financing old and new vehicles. ? RAHUL RELCON PVT. LTD This is a new organization of RAHUL GROUP of companies. Rahul relcon is a construction company who builds apartments and flat for the customers. As it new company in the group, It need to face many competitors in the market. PRODUCT OF THE COMPANY A tangible object or intangible services that is mass produced or manufactured on a large scale with specific units.The product of Rahul motors is a tangible object as their product is the commercial vehicles for example car and trucks. They actually deal in the old and used vehicles for their business. The company does the hard job to get the vehicles . their main out sourcing is to get the vehicles from the auctions and the also the scraps vehicles, which they refurnished it once again and after that they get back to the customers. PRICE OF THE COMPANY The price is the amoun t a customer for the product. It is Determined by a number of factor including market share , Competitions, material cost etc. he business may increase or Decrease the price of product if other stores have the same Product. In the case of Rahul motors the price is the main factor for them they always provide the vehicles in a reasonable rate and even they provide financing options for the customers. Rahul motors always give their customers value for money and the company also help the customers several ways like free service and many more. PROMOTIONS OF THE COMPANY Promotions represent all of the communications that a marketer may use in the market place. Promotions has four distinct element which are as follows- ? ? ? ?Advertising Public relations Word of mouth Point of sale Rahul motors always follow all above the policy. The company does not invest in any advertisement as because it can make extra investments on the company . the main outsourcing of the company is the employees w ho communicates with the customers who are willing to buy and sale their vehicles. These system help the company to get directly to the customers. PLACE OF THE COMPANY Place represents the locations where a product can be Purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel It can include any physical store as well as virtual stores on the internet.The company generally deal in the Commercial vehicles so they have targeted the semi urban Areas of the state where they find maximum number of Customers for their product. REVIEW IN LITERATURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE Every business unit needs human resource (manpower) for the conduct of different business activities. In fact, no organisation can exist or operate efficiently without the support of human resource. Such human resource includes top level managers, executives, supervisors and other subordinate / lower level staff / employees.A business organisation has to estimate its future manpower needs and adjust its manpower planning and development programmes accordingly. This is called ‘staffing' function of management. Human resource management is also described as personnel management or manpower management. According to Edwin Flippo, â€Å"Personnel Management is the planning, organizing , directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance of people for the purpose of contributing to organizational, individual and social goals†.Various areas such as recruitment and selection, wage payment and industrial l relations are covered under human resource management. Human Resource Development Human Resource Development (HRD) means to develop available manpower through suitable methods such as training, promotions, transfers and opportunities for career development. HRD programmes create a team of welltrained, efficient and capable managers and subordinates. Such team constitutes an important asset of an enterprise. One organisation is different from a nother mainly because of the people (employees) working therein. According to Peter F .Druker, â€Å"the prosperity, if not the survival of any business depends on the performance of its managers of tomorrow. † The human resource should be nurtured and used for the benefit of the organisation. Human resource is most important resource in management and needs to be used efficiently. This is because success, stability and growth of an organisation depend on its ability in acquiring, utilizing and developing the human resources for the benefit of the organisation. In the final analysis, it is the people (i. e employees) who produce promising results and generate a climate conductive to the growth and development of an organisation.HR is a highly productive corporate asset and the overall performance of companies and corporations depends upon the extent to which it is effectively developed and utilised. It is the most delicate factor of production and need not be treated merely a s a commodity to be bought and used in factories. According to Peter Drucker, â€Å"The function of management is to manage managers, workers and work†. The importance of manpower in business management is now universally accepted. Employees have a capacity to grow and develop, if suitable opportunities are offered.They give positive response to monetary and nonmonetary incentives, training opportunities, favorable work environment and motivation. According to Pigors and Myers, â€Å"Good management means getting effective results with people†. This suggests the importance of human resource. Human resource is certainly important even in this age of extensive use of computer technology. This is because machine cannot be used as a substitute for human brain which has capacity to think, assess and react. It is correct to say that man is a power rather than man has a power.Progressive / professional managements invest huge funds on training and development of human resourc e and this suggests the importance of human resource and its contribution in industrial and economic development. Professionally managed companies in India such as Larsen and Toubro Ltd, TELCO, Reliance, etc. , give specia l importance and good attention to HRD. CHAPTER 1 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2 MARKETING MIX BIBLIOGRAPHY ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by Philip kotler ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by pondicherry university WEBSITES ? www. google. com ? www. scribd. com ? www. wikepedia. co. in

Early Syncretism in India and China

There are two common traits reasons syncretism had not occurred in very early on in the Eastern Cultures of Indian and China. These have to do with the adaptability of religion and focus on discipline and work culture. Not all world religions are equally open to economic changes. The adaptability of a religious tradition may be measured by whether its sacred texts are open to translation and interpretation. This was not the case with Buddhism, Confucianism or Hinduism. There are various books and interpretations of Hinduism and Budhism. In India, Hinduism does not have any element of a structured religion; in fact it is loosely structured and that is why it has been resilient and tenacious enough to survive and expand. (Das, n.d) In China, it was established that Confucian tradition would continue to be the sources of value system, and modernization would continue for material gains. As there were various interpretations for one religious belief, no counter opposing philosophy existed. Buddhism and Hinduism focus on work culture as part of the religious paradigm. The concept Karma which literally means a person's actions, includes the notion, good work deserves good reward. In a free society it is the toughest to cultivate discipline in its people. Discipline is required one personal level to complete education as a student, or a jobs as a professional. With karma's discipline embedded at a grass-root level, far eastern cultures' workers possessed the skills and focus needed by workers to progress the economy. (Norbu, 1996). Thus implying that had syncretism integrated itself in the early encounters in the history of India and China, these two societies would have smaller communities that were deeply religious,resistant to work, averse to modernization and trade. Aversion to modernization and trade would've resulted in the colonization and dissolution of these societies. As a result India and China would not have existed as the emerging power houses of the world economy as we know it today.

Vasco da Gama essays

Vasco da Gama essays Very little is known about the early life of Vasco da Gama. He was born in 1469 in Sines, Portugal. He grew up as the son of Estevo da Gama who was the governor of the small town he grew up in. It was his father who was originally appointed by King Joao II to complete the journey to India. His father however, died before the voyage commenced. Soon after, da Gamas brother was asked to complete the mission but he turned it down. As a last resort, King Emmanuel requested Vasco to lead the expedition. Vasco da Gama was a well educated man and was therefore fit for the job. He had proven his leadership skills when serving as a naval officer for his country. Da Gamas mission was to find a route from Portugal to India by sea. The exploration of these new places had been encouraged in Portugal for centuries. They realized the economic benefit that could result from this trade route. This was critical to the Portuguese because it would put them at a higher economical world power. He left on July 8, 1497 along with four ships. By November the crew had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in Africa and began their journey north to the Indies. On their way, da Gama encountered many unexpected conflicts. Along the coast of Africa, Muslims had already set up their own trading posts. Especially in Mozambique and Mombasa, the people viewed da Gama and his men as a threat to their already economically stable trading system with India. However some of the inhabitants welcomed the Portuguese right away. A man named Ahmad Ibn Majid joined da Gama in his journey to India and helped him along his route. On May 20, 1498 da Gama finally arrived in Calicut, India. This prosperous city contained a colossal amount of precious pearls and spices. The prosperity of this city at first intrigued da Gama. He seemed to be welcomed by the leader and was graciously taken to one of their Hindu temples. The future trading negotiations seemed to be set by th...

3 Expert Tips for Tackling the UVA Essay Prompts

3 Expert Tips for Tackling the UVA Essay Prompts SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the University of Virginia boasts impressive academics, competitive sports team, and a long list of notable alumni. Though over 20,000 students attend UVA, the school has an admissions rate of just 30% - meaning you’ll have to work hard if you want to be a Cavalier. One of the best ways to boost your chances of admissions is by writing great UVA essays as part of your application. In this article, we’ll break down what the UVA essay prompts are and how you can write responses to each prompt that will make you stand out. What Are the UVA Supplemental Essay Prompts? In order to apply to UVA, you’ll submit either the Common or Coalition Application. No matter which option you choose, you’ll have to complete the UVA supplement, which includes two essays. Neither of the UVA essays has a hard word count, though the instructions recommend that you write around half a page, or 250 words. For the first UVA supplement essay, you’re required to write a response based on the school within UVA that you’re applying to. For the second UVA supplement essay, you get to choose the topic that resonates most with you. UVA Essay Prompts Here are the UVA essay prompts for 2018-19: Prompt #1 We are looking for passionate students to join our diverse community of scholars, researchers, and artists. Answer the question that corresponds to the school/program to which you are applying in a half page or roughly 250 words. College of Arts and Sciences - What work of art, music, science, mathematics, or literature has surprised, unsettled, or challenged you, and in what way? School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - If you were given funding for a small engineering project that would make everyday life better for one friend or family member, what would you design? School of Architecture - Describe an instance or place where you have been inspired by architecture or design. School of Nursing - School of Nursing applicants may have experience shadowing, volunteering, or working in a health care environment. Tell us about a healthcare-related experience or another significant interaction that deepened your interest in studying Nursing. Kinesiology Program - Discuss experiences that led you to choose the kinesiology major. Prompt #2 Answer one of the following questions in a half page or roughly 250 words. What’s your favorite word and why? We are a community with quirks, both in language and in traditions. Describe one of your quirks and why it is part of who you are. Student self-governance, which encourages student investment and initiative, is a hallmark of the UVA culture. In her fourth year at UVA, Laura Nelson was inspired to create Flash Seminars, one-time classes which facilitate high-energy discussion about thought-provoking topics outside of traditional coursework. If you created a Flash Seminar, what idea would you explore and why? UVA students paint messages on Beta Bridge when they want to share information with our community. What would you paint on Beta Bridge and why is this your message? UVA students are charged with pushing the boundaries of knowledge to serve others and contribute to the common good. Give us an example of how you’ve used what you’ve learned to make a positive impact in another person’s life. UVA Essays, Analyzed Looking for advice on how to write amazing UVA essays? Let’s break down how to answer each prompt. UVA Prompt #1 The instructions are the same for all of the first UVA essays: "We are looking for passionate students to join our diverse community of scholars, researchers, and artists. Answer the question that corresponds to the school/program to which you are applying in a half page or roughly 250 words." Let’s look at how to answer each one. College of Arts and Sciences - What work of art, music, science, mathematics, or literature has surprised, unsettled, or challenged you, and in what way? This prompt gives you an opportunity to examine many different fields. The key is to pick something you’re passionate about. Passion doesn’t always have to be a good thing. You may be passionate about why Pride Prejudice is the worst book ever written. This essay asks about something that has surprised, unsettled, or challenged you - you don’t need to pick your favorites here. Consider picking something that has reframed your perception of the world. Have you read a book that opened your eyes to another culture? Has some fact of science truly blown your mind? Go with something that has shifted how you view and conceptualize the world. Again, it doesn’t have to be in a good way. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - If you were given funding for a small engineering project that would make everyday life better for one friend or family member, what would you design? This prompt allows you to think out of the box! In order to ace this essay, go small (it says so in the prompt) and personal. You don’t need to dream up a cure for cancer or a new way to bring water to the developing countries. Think about a challenge that faces the ones you love every day - you should pick something that feels real and honest. Don’t try to impress with size and scale here. Instead, make a small, meaningful impact. If you’re able to describe how your project really makes a change, it will be more memorable in the eyes of the admissions committee. School of Architecture - Describe an instance or place where you have been inspired by architecture or design. Inspiration comes in many forms - what’s important for this prompt is to think about what has inspired you, not the masses. In other words, don’t feel like you need to pick the Empire State Building if you weren’t actually inspired by that work. Pick something that was meaningful to you and expand on why it impacted you. You could even pick a small home - something that encouraged you to think of building dwellings that are important for families. Whatever you choose, you should be sincere about your inspiration. Anything that sounds trite will be really obvious to the admissions committee. They’ll read thousands of applications about wanting to make the tallest building in the world - make yours sound different. School of Nursing - School of Nursing applicants may have experience shadowing, volunteering, or working in a health care environment. Tell us about a healthcare-related experience or another significant interaction that deepened your interest in studying Nursing Don’t feel like you need to highlight a huge moment here - rather, focus on something that’s significant to you even if that experience was small! The key to this prompt is to make sure that you’re highlighting something real that happened to you or someone important to you. The more personal you can make the experience, the better. Saying something like â€Å"I want to solve cancer for everyone† is less impactful than saying that you have seen firsthand how cancer affected your grandmother. Nursing is a personal profession - lean into that for this essay. Kinesiology Program - Discuss experiences that led you to choose the kinesiology major. For this prompt, focus on one or two experiences and discuss them in detail. Don’t give an entire overview of your history - describing something more fully will resonate more than trying to cram a lot of experiences into a relatively short essay. Be honest about what drove you to kinesiology - don’t write what you think the admissions committee wants to hear. Write what’s true for you. UVA Prompt #2: The instructions are the same for all of the second round of UVA prompts: "Answer one of the following questions in a half page or roughly 250 words." You only need to pick one of these questions to answer. What’s your favorite word and why? With a prompt like this, it can be tempting to want to impress the admissions committee with your knowledge of esoteric vocabulary. Don’t go that route, unless you have a true connection to a strange, rarely used word. Pick a word that’s meaningful to you - something that’s very specific to you. The key here isn’t to pick the most interesting word, it’s to have the most meaningful and memorable experience to back it up. If â€Å"family† is really important to you, you need to have a good reason - simply saying you love your parents isn’t enough. Focus on the â€Å"why† rather than the word and you’ll be on the right track. We are a community with quirks, both in language and in traditions. Describe one of your quirks and why it is part of who you are. This prompt offers you a chance to show off a side of yourself that the rest of your application doesn’t highlight. Take advantage of it! Do you have a passion for collecting Minnie Mouse figurines? Do you have to run four miles every single morning? Do you stop everything you’re doing whenever the Red Sox are playing? Do your parents always make fun of you for pronouncing a word strangely? Whatever your quirk is, now’s the time to celebrate it! Write freely and without embarrassment - a quirk is a quirk! It’s not supposed to seem normal. The admissions committee won’t judge you for your quirk. They want to learn the interesting parts about your personality. Student self-governance, which encourages student investment and initiative, is a hallmark of the UVA culture. In her fourth year at UVA, Laura Nelson was inspired to create Flash Seminars, one-time classes which facilitate high-energy discussion about thought-provoking topics outside of traditional coursework. If you created a Flash Seminar, what idea would you explore and why? The topic you choose doesn’t have to be high-brow or exceedingly academic - rather, you need to pick a topic that’ll inspire thought-provoking conversations. If that conversation is, â€Å"What does Kim Kardashian say about the future of advertising?† that’s fine! As long as the topic is important to you. As with the other prompts, the word â€Å"why† is the most important of this prompt. You need to have a strong reason for wanting to explore this topic. If you want to talk about Kim Kardashian, that’s cool - as long as you can indicate why this is a topic worthy of discussion. UVA students paint messages on Beta Bridge when they want to share information with our community. What would you paint on Beta Bridge and why is this your message? As with the other prompts, the â€Å"why† is the most important part of this question. Whatever message you land on, make sure you have a good reason for it. Avoid trite or cliched phrases, like â€Å"Be the change you wish to see in the world.† The admissions committee will have seen thousands of these - and those words are probably already written on Beta Bridge. What do you have to say? What message is personal to you? What lesson have you learned that you specifically can communicate? UVA students are charged with pushing the boundaries of knowledge to serve others and contribute to the common good. Give us an example of how you’ve used what you’ve learned to make a positive impact in another person’s life. First and foremost: don’t make something up here. Don’t say that you spent months devoted to helping a family whose father was suffering from cancer if that’s just not true. While this prompt does encourage you to share how you’ve served people, it’s not a contest. You don’t have to have the grandest and most impressive example of selflessness that the committee’s ever read. What you do need to have is sincerity - talk about how you helped someone and why that experience was so impactful. Explain what led you to help and reflect on how UVA might inspire similar feelings of service in you. How to Write UVA Essays Here are some general tips for how to write UVA essays that will wow the committee. #1: Be You Your UVA supplement essay is a chance to show the admissions committee who you are. Take that opportunity to flesh yourself out. You’re not simply a collection of A’s and B’s printed on a transcript. You’re a real person! Show that in your UVA essays. #2: Feedback Is Cool; Plagiarism Is Not It can be tempting to bounce essay ideas off your peers, parents, and teachers. That’s fine! But don’t rely on them too heavily. Your work should be your own - from the ideas to the execution. There’s a fine line between receiving helpful feedback and using that feedback in a way that misrepresents your work and ability. Seek out help, but know that you have the first and final say. #3: Play With Form Your UVA essays don't have to follow the traditional five paragraph structure. UVA encourages you to play with form. That means you can submit a poem, if you want! Take advantage of the freedom from structure to write in a way that feels authentic to you. If that means starting every sentence with the letter â€Å"E†, then go for it! As long as your work is well-written and engaging, the form doesn’t matter. What’s Next? There are over 5,000 colleges in the United States- how can you possibly decide which to apply to? Using a college finder tool can help you sort through your options and find your ideal school without having to tour every single campus. Once you've decided on some colleges or universities that you're interested in attending, our guide will help you narrow down your list to safeties, matches, and reach school. Still not sure what you're looking for in a college?Read our articles on whether you should go to a school close to home and whether you should attend a large or small college. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Business Law,law of tort Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Law,law of tort - Case Study Example Furthermore, the statement 'opponents say that he puts the keys of high powered cars back into the hands of drink drivers is ironical and it is meant to lower his reputation as a celebrity lawyer.' Again look at the words 'stitch him up' as used by the police officers. These words can be interpreted by any ordinary person. The words should not be taken in their ordinary meaning in order to find defamation in them but from the inference which would be drawn by the ordinary person who read the words. i) Substantial damages: The allegations on the newspaper are enormous especially that Nick Freeman was arrested on conspiracy to pervert the course of justice in a bid to protect drunk drivers. It is apparent that these allegations will substantially affect his profession. He should therefore sue the company substantial damages. 2 Special damages: The article would be read by several clients of Nick and his several would-be clients. They may refuse to enter into contracts with him in future. This is likely to financially affect his career in the future. He can the therefore seek special damages for that matter. In the case of Byre v Deare, the plaintiff was a member of a golf club. Some gaming machines were removed from the club following the complaints made to police. Then some typewritten lampoons were placed where the machines were installed and it read a follow:- For many years upon this spot, You heard the sound of the merry bell, Those who were rash and those who were not, Lost and made a spot of cash, But he who gave the game away, May be Byrne in hell rue the day. 3 An action for defamation by the plaintiff did not succeed as it was held that a right thinking person would not view the words as defamatory. ii) Another remedy available to Nick is injunction. Since he is anxiously eager to prevent further publications by the newspaper, he can apply for an injunction. This would compel the court to order the company to stop further publication of information concerning him. 4 Case 2 Fiona Shackleton is currently employed by Payre Hick Beach which was not her employer at the time of the case between Prince of Wales and Diana. But the Evening Standard has gone ahead to print a false statement that it was Payre Hicks Beach firm as a whole which conducted the case when the truth is that it was in fact Farrar's. 5 Fiona Shackleton shall have to proof the following:- i) Justification: - in order for her to successfully sue the defendants, Fiona Shackleton must justify that the words so printed injured her reputation as a lawyer. For that matter, she should argue that these printings would effect a similar case before her, that of Sin Paul Mc Carthey v Lady Mills - Mc Marthey. ii) Reference to the plaintiff: - That the words so printed referred to her. Though in actual sense, there is nowhere her name is mentioned, only the firm's name. She is the one who represented the case into E. Hulton and Co. v Jones. A newspaper published an article that the plaintiff was accused of staying with a woman in France. The defendants alleged that they had invented the name i.e. there was